The performance of high-resolution schemes is investigated for unsteady, inviscid and compressible multiphase flows. An Eulerian diffuse interface approach has been chosen for the simulation of multicomponent flow problems. The reduced fiveequation and seven equation models are used with HLL and HLLC approximation. The authors demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of both seven equations and five equations models studying their performance with HLL and HLLC algorithms on simple test case. The seven equation model is based on two pressure, two velocity concept of Baer–Nunziato [10], while five equation model is based on the mixture velocity and pressure. The numerical evaluations of two variants of Riemann solvers have been conducted for the classical one-dimensional air-water shock tube and compared with analytical solution for error analysis.

This paper presents a novel cellular handset design with a bottom-mounted short loaded-whip antenna. This new handset design is modeled and simulated using a finite difference time-domain (FDTD)-based platform SEMCAD. The proposed handset is based on a current commercially available bar-phone type with a curvature shape, keypad positioned above the screen, and top-mounted antenna. The specific absorption rates (SARs) are determined computationally in the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) and anatomically correct model of a human head when exposed to the EM-field radiation of the proposed cellular handset and the handset with top-mounted antenna. The two cellular handsets are simulated to operate at both GSM standards, 900 MHz as well as 1800 MHz, having different antenna dimensions and intput power of 0.6 W and 0.125 W, respectively. The proposed human hand holding the two handset models is a semirealistic hand model consists of three tissues: skin, muscle, and bone. The simulations are conducted with handset positions based on the IEEE standard 1528-2003. The results show that the proposed handset has a significant improvement of antenna efficiency when it is hand-held close to head, as compared with the handset of top-mounted antenna. Also, the results show that a significant reduction of the induced SAR in the human head-tissues can be achieved with the proposed handset

This paper is intended to investigate intensely the impact of multipossible hand-hold positions on the electromagnetic (EM) interaction of handset antennas and a human by using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Candy-bar handsets with different external and internal antenna positions operating in the GSM900, GSM1800/DCS, and UMTS/IMT-2000 bands are hereby simulated with configuration of the most parts in order to achieve the commercially available handset model design. Homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms both are used to simulate the human head, whereas, a semirealistic model with three different tissues is designed to simulate a human hand holding a set. Both of the antenna performance including the total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) and the specific absorption rate (SAR) in tissues are examined for the different suggested applicable cases, where various positions of antenna, handset and hand are considered in simulations. This simulation study determines that both of the antenna performance and the SAR in tissues significantly alter owing to the positioning of the handset against user’s head at different hand levels; where a maximum alteration is observed due to the exposure of handset with internal antenna, as compared with the handset having external antenna.

This paper presents a through investigation into the effect of the external antenna and printed circuit board (PCB) positions in cellular hand-sets on the coupling between the handset and human-head at GSM-900 frequency standard. The antenna performance and the specific absorption rate (SAR) induced in a human head were computed using a Finite Difference Time-Domain based platform (SEMCAD). A numerical correct model of a European female head was adopted and a semi-realistic hand model was designed during the simulation. The results showed that the optimum position for the antenna and PCB in hand-set close to head is the far right-corner for the right-hand users and the far left-corner for the left-hand users, where a minimum SAR in head is achieved.

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of the dimensions of composite tubes on their specific energy absorption capacity. Experimental investigations were carried out on three geometrical different cylindrical composite tubes subjected to compressive loading. More over a radial corrugated composite tube was subjected to the same load conditions in order to examine the varying of shape influence on the energy absorption of composite materials. Initial results indicate that for cylindrical tubes, diameter to thickness ratio has a significant effect on the energy absorption. Reduction in tube d/t ratio results in an increase in energy absorption. More over results show also radial corrugated composite tubes exhibit higher total energy absorption than cylindrical composite tubes.

The concepts of partial size-and-shape and partial shape are defined, with motivation from a study in humanmovementanalysis. Someco-ordinates for partial shape for landmarks in three dimensions are given, and Gaussian models for the landmark co-ordinates are proposed. The main results involve the derivation of the partial size-and-shape distributions for the isotropic and general multivariate normal models for three-dimensional data. The partial shape distribution is given in the isotropic case. Maximum likelihood based inference is explored, and examples using simulated and real human movement data illustrate the methodology.

We consider the Bayesian analysis of human movement data, where the subjects perform various reaching tasks. A set of markers is placed on each subject and a system of cameras records the three-dimensional Cartesian co-ordinates of the markers during the reaching movement. It is of interest to describe the mean and variability of the curves that are traced by the markers during one reaching movement, and to identify any differences due to covariates. We propose a methodology based on a hierarchical Bayesian model for the curves. An important part of the method is to obtain identifiable features of the movement so that different curves can be compared after temporal warping. We consider four landmarks and a set of equally spaced pseudolandmarks are located in between. We demonstrate that the algorithm works well in locating the landmarks, and shape analysis techniques are used to describe the posterior distribution of the mean curve. A feature of this type of data is that some parts of the movement data may be missing-the Bayesian methodology is easily adapted to cope with this situation.