Euphorbia glyptosperma Engelm is recorded for the first time as part of the flora of Libya. This widespread wild weed was collected during 2023–2024 from various locations, including regions in Sabha and Ariggiba (approximately 110 km southwest of Sabha city). To aid in its identification and facilitate future studies, a comprehensive description of the species, habitat information, a distribution map, and distribution data are provided. Additionally, a brief discussion highlights the most significant threats associated with this species. Keywords: Identification key, Ariggiba Region, Field work, Sabha taxonomy, Alena

Boerhavia erecta has been recorded for the first time in the flora of Libya. This widespread wild

weed was collected in 2023 and 2024 from multiple locations, all included in the regions Sabha and Ariggiba,

and situated approximately 110 km southwest of Sabha city. This species, known for it adaptability to

disturbed habitats and arid conditions, holds ecological significance in its native and introduced ranges. To

facilitate its accurate identification and support future research efforts, a comprehensive description of the

species is provided, along with data about the habitat and a distribution map. These findings offer valuable

insights into the plant’s occurrence, ecological preferences, and adaptability within Libya's unique climatic

conditions. Additionally, the study discusses the potential threats posed by Boerhavia erecta to native plant

flora and vegetation. Emphasis is placed on the importance of monitoring the spread of B. erecta and

conducting further studies to assess its ecological impact in Libya. This record not only highlights the plant's

expansion but also underscores the need for continued floristic surveys to document and preserve the

country's rich biodiversity.

Abstract

Background: Diabetic foot is one of the most significant complications of diabetes, defined by ulceration associated with peripheral arterial disease and neuropathy. These ulcers can lead to infections and are the most common cause of non-traumatic lower limb amputations. In Libya, where diabetes prevalence is estimated at 16%, there is limited information regarding patient practices and risk factors regarding diabetic foot syndrome. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic foot syndrome among diabetic patients attending the Souq Alkhamees Diabetic Center in Alkhoms City, Libya. Methodology: This prospective study was conducted at the Souq Al-khamees Diabetic Center in collaboration with the Libyan Academy for Postgraduate Studies. The study enrolled 60 diabetic patients with a history of diabetic foot syndrome. Data collection involved acquiring demographic information, diabetes history, and specific foot complications. Results: The cohort was predominantly male (58.33%) and aged 40–79 years. Type II diabetes was present in 86.11% of participants, and glycemic control was notably poor, with 63.89% of patients having HbA1c levels above 8.0 mg/dl. Key clinical findings included: Neuropathy: 76.66% of participants exhibited sensory impairment, with 33.33% demonstrating a complete loss of protective sensation. Dermatological Status: 100% of patients presented with thick infected nails and skin dryness, while 47.22% had foot deformities. Ulcer Characteristics: 80% of participants had a current or historical ulcer. Of active ulcers, 64% were superficial, while 36% were deep, involving structures such as tendons or bones. Mobility: 70% of participants had restricted or absent ambulation. Conclusion: The study population presents a highly complex and aggressive form of diabetic foot disease, primarily driven by uncontrolled hyperglycemia and characterized by severe neuropathy and tissue compromise. The high prevalence of deep ulcers and infection necessitates a clinical management strategy focused on surgical intervention and aggressive offloading. Furthermore, strict glycemic control and patient education regarding foot care are essential to preventing further complications and amputation.

Rotating machinery is a critical component in mechanical systems, widely used across industrial applications. Due to time-varying speed conditions and complex operating environments, it is highly prone to various failures. Without timely diagnosis and maintenance, such failures can lead to significant performance degradation or catastrophic outcomes. To address the challenges posed by non-stationary operating conditions and vibration signals, researchers have developed diverse fault diagnosis methods, including advanced non-stationary signal processing techniques and data-driven approaches. Among these, generalized demodulation (GD) has demonstrated particular effectiveness in extracting fault-related features from complex signals. This paper provides a comprehensive review of GD-based fault diagnosis methods for rotating machinery. It revisits the fundamental concepts and theoretical basis of GD, analyzes the limitations of traditional approaches, and systematically compares GD with other widely used methods. Furthermore, existing GD-based techniques are categorized into speed-dependent and speed-independent methods based on their reliance on rotational speed, with representative studies and applications discussed. Finally, future research directions and current challenges in GD-based diagnosis are outlined, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field.

Planetary gear systems in industrial equipment, characterized by highly integrated structures, non-stationary operating conditions, and heavy-load characteristics, result in significant attenuation of fault-related vibration features, severely limiting the effectiveness of fault diagnosis. Traditional studies often use periodic modulation terms, such as the Hanning window function, to approximate the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of meshing forces. Although these methods can effectively extract global vibration features of healthy gears (such as meshing frequency and its harmonics), they have significant limitations and are unable to analyze the nonlinear diffusion process of fault impacts through complex paths, resulting in distortion in the phase delay and amplitude attenuation patterns of fault impacts. To address these issues, this study investigates the vibration transmission characteristics of a planetary gearbox through rigid-flexible coupling simulation analysis, focusing on the transmission delay effects of impact responses to the vibration sensors at different housing locations. The study qualitatively clarifies the intrinsic relationship between transmission delay characteristics of the gear-sensor spatial relationship, providing a theoretical foundation for accurate analysis of vibration signals in planetary gear sets. The research highlights the significant spatiotemporal characteristics of the vibration responses when the fault collisions occur at different locations during the rotation and revolution of planet gears.