Abstract-A series of polyelectrolyte hydrogels ranging from 92-98wt% were synthesized by copolymerization of acrylamide,

AAM with 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulphonic acid, AMPS using 0.001g APS as initiator in the presence of 30wt% H2O

and 1.0wt% ethylene glycol dimethacrylate,EDMA as cross-linking agent. The final copolymers was obtained in the form of

glassy and transparent roads at room temperature, these roads were soaked in water for two days to remove unreacted

monomers. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels was studied in distilled water and salt solutions of 1.5 mol/l each of NaCl

and KCl. The Swelling in water shows decreasing values of q, LE, Ø1, EWC% and increasing polymer volume fraction, Ø2 by

increasing acrylamide, due to increasing hydrophobicity and decreasing the hydrophilicity. The swelling in salt solutions

shows a decreasing in the values of ESSNa%, WCNa%, SCNa%, ESSK%, WCK% and SCK% by increasing acrylamid

monomer in the feed due to increasing the hydrophobicity and decreasing the ionized ionic groups (SO3H). The increasing

values of ESSNa%, WCNa% and SCNa% compared with the values of ESSK%, WCK% and SCK% respectively, is due to

the higher charge density of sodium ion than that of potassium ion.

In order to examine the protection A postulated initiating event is explored step insertion of a positive reactivity in order to investigate the safety of the reactor of the Tajoura Nuclear Research Reactor with Low Enriched Uranium (LEU). These initiated events are:; a reduction of flow of primary coolant; and a loss of flow accident (LOFA) followed by a reversal flow. PARET computer code is implemented to simulate those suggested initiating events. The transient thermal hydraulic analysis is obtained at both the hottest and averaged cells of the core. The simulation is carried out at the operating power of 10 MW and the inlet coolant temperature equals to 45°C. The results exhibit that the worst case of those examined postulated events is by adding a 1.5$ ramp positive reactivity to the core when the resultant maximum clad surface temperature reaches 130.3°C.

This study highlights the mechanism of formation for Bentonite clay surface properties. It investigates specific gravity and the influence of physicochemical characteristics on clay stability of structural forces on adsorbed water molecules. In particular, it describes the chemical composition, as well as cation exchange capacity (CEC). Bentonite clay is collected from the Murzuq city located 1150 km south of Tripoli i.e. southernmost town of Libya. The CEC value is leached by 500ppm Ca+2 at pH=8 equaled 84.5 mmoles/kg. While at pH=2, the value is (20.5 mmoles/kg). The leaching process is carried out by 500ppm K+ using flame emission photometer. The CEC value at pH =8 for sample is 91.5 mmoles/kg. Also the specific gravity is found to be 2.597. This value is in agreement with the obtained standard values for Wyoming (USA). The % MxOy of the clay is calculated by gravimetric method as follows: SiO2, 53.75; Al2O3, 21.46; Fe2O3, 1.4;CaO, 0.97; MgO, 2.13, and agreed with the XRF analysis as follows: SiO2, 54.93; Al2O3, 21.46; Fe2O3, 1.71; MgO, 3.18 ; CaO, 0.81; Na2O, 5.48; K2O, 0.54; TiO2,0.32. The results are adequately approximate and reasonable for both methods. The percent is very limited for trace elements Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Zn. In the sample, it is about 0.21%. The result of XRD analysis (intensities) for sample is presented as follows: 50% quartz, 50% kaolinite, 5% Analcine, 7.5% Illite, 5% Natrolite, 10% Nontronite, 7% Montmorillonite. The formula calculation depends on the purity of clay and consequently the structural formula for Libyan Bentonite is: K0.094Na1.45Ca0.118 (Al2.92Fe0.175Ti0.033Mg0.646)VI( Al0.52Si7.48 …

The main objective of the paper is to analyze the performance of axial flow compressors and to generate a systematic design approach which enables to design subsonic flow ones. In order to investigate the validity of this approach, the LP axial flow compressor of the RR Spey MK511 turbofan engine is taken as an example. The design calculations were based on thermodynamics, gas dynamics, fluid mechanics and empirical relations. The flow is assumed to be of two-dimensional compressible type with constant axial and rotor blade velocities with a free-vortex swirl distribution. Design calculations include

thermodynamic properties of the working fluid, number of compressor performance parameters such as, stage temperature rise and number, flow and blade angles (blade twist), velocity triangles and relative inlet Mach number at rotor blades tips as well as blades tip and hub diameters. A repeated calculation is made to determine these parameters along compressor stages. The variation of velocity whirl components, air and blade angles, deflection and degree of reaction from root to tip of the blades were also determined. The twist of the blades along the blade length is set according to the recommended values in order to obtain smooth blade twist profile.