Network layer indications are not readily available upon a link change; therefore, general dependes on the network layer may introduce unnecessary delays due to network layer signaling for a simple link layer handover. If information could be gathered at link layer to determine the need for network layer signaling, then both the delay and signaling load could be really improved over the current standards of Mobile IP.

This paper presents a Cross-layer decision on two layer network and link layers to improve the performance of Enhanced Mobile IP (E-Mobile IP) handover in which reducing packet loss and latency during handover process.

Abstract

This paper is conducted to compare the determinants of profitability of the domestic and foreign Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. The Generalized Least Square (GLS) is employed with unbalanced panel data on seventeen Islamic banks, using quarterly data for the period of 2007 to 2010. In order to find out the differences in the profitability determinants, the sample of banks is divided into two sub-samples (domestic and foreign). The results reveal that domestic Islamic banks are more profitable than foreign Islamic banks. The results also show that the profitability determinants of domestic banks are different from those of foreign banks. The overhead expenses, loans, efficiency, gross domestic product growth rate and bank size have a significant effect in determining banks’ profitability, in which case applicable to the domestic banks only. In turn, the gross domestic product per capita has a significant effect in determining banks’ profitability of only the foreign banks. The study finds that, deposits, capital and reserves, inflation and banks’ age have a significant effect in determining banks’ profitability of both domestic and foreign banks. Meanwhile, liquidity and concentration are not able to explain the variability of domestic and foreign Islamic banks’ profitability. The findings indicate that the profitability of domestic banks is affected by the global financial crisis while, the profitability of foreign banks is not affected.

The single-phase polycrystalline samples of Y2(Cu1xMgx)2O5, x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.15 were successfully synthesized by a modified self-propagating high temperature synthesis. Effects of Mg+2 substitution for Cu+2 in

metamagnetic Y2Cu2O5 on its crystal structure and magnetic properties have been analyzed by X-ray

diffraction and magnetic measurements performed within 2–300 K range. Mg doping was found to introduce small distortions in the main intradimmer superexchange paths so that ferromagnetic correlations

decrease with Mg concentration. More significant impact of Cu substitution was found on the low

temperature magnetism due to the breaking of infinite Cu–O chains. The formation of finite size chains

introduces low temperature paramagnetic contribution and reduction in Néel temperature. Overall

results give a strong indication that the antiferromagnetic ordering as well as metamagnetism persists

up to the 15% of the Mg concentration.

In this work, in addition to the 16-corrugation that have been tested, three more models with same dimensions and different corrugation density have been tested too. 18-corrugation, 20-corrugation, and 22-corrugation (RCCT-18, RCCT-20, and RCCT-22) have been investigated. Here, it is wise to mention that all corrugations have the same shape and dimensions. Moreover, 22 corrugations were found the maximum number of corrugations that can be fabricated in the tube circumference. In other words it was impossible to fabricate a tube with more than 22-corrugations at that certain diameter, since all tested composite tubes have the same length and diameter at all testing phases. Results show that corrugation density has an influence on the performance of composite shells as an energy absorber. It has been found that as corrugation density increases, total energy absorption increases.

Today the use of composite materials in different kinds of applications is accelerating rapidly. Composite materials have become common engineering materials and are designed and manufactured for various application. This paper involves an experimental program including testing the capabilities of hybrid material s (composite and metallic materials) as an energy absorber. The method of approach has been to fabricate and test a series of specimens. The specimens have cylindrical shape; they are fabricated using hand lay-up technique. Hybrid specimens involve two subtypes: metallic cylinder surrounded by three layers of composite cylinder referred as M/C, and three layers of composite cylinder form the internal part surrounded by metallic cylinder referred as C/M (Fig.1). Hybrid model are subjected to lateral quasi static compression load.

• Pavement distress is an indication of pavement layer deterioration. There are many types of deterioration; however, rutting, defined as the permanent deformation forming longitudinal surface depressions in the wheel paths, is one of the most important kinds of distress that affect the safety and the ride quality of flexible pavement. The main objective of this study was to develop an empirical pavement rutting model for the wet freeze zone, which is one of the four long term pavement performance (LTPP) climate zones, to predict the depth of pavement rutting on granular bases. Using the LTPP database, the study aimed at a better understanding of the pavement rutting phenomena and the factors that may affect pavement rutting. Multiple regression analysis was performed to develop a flexible pavement rutting model. The proposed model was developed based on the relationship between the response variable rut depth and predictor variables of traffic loads, structural number, Marshall stiffness, air voids in the total mix, and voids in the mineral aggregate. It was found that traffic loads was the predominant factor that have a significant effect on pavement rutting, which agrees with the existing literature, as well as engineering knowledge and practice. Following the traffic loads, structural number was the most significant secondary factor, followed by percent of voids in the total mix, voids in the mineral aggregate, and Marshall stiffness.

This research presents the effect of corrugation geometry on the crushing behavior, energy absorption, of woven roving glass fiber/epoxy laminated composite shells. Experimental investigations were carried out on three geometrical different types of composite shells subjected to compressive loadings. The results showed that the loading carrying capability is significantly influenced by corrugation geometry in axial crushing. Load–displacement curve was plotted for all conducted tests

Abstract

This paper is conducted to identify the determinants of profitability of Islamic banks operating in Malaysia and examine the effect of the global financial crisis on the profitability of these banks. Panel data estimation is employed with unbalanced data on seventeen Islamic banks, using quarterly data for the period of 2007 to 2010. The random effect model was specifically used to achieve the study objectives. The empirical results indicate that overhead expenses ratio, loans ratio, deposits ratio, technical efficiency and bank size have a positive significant effect in determining banks’ profitability. Meanwhile, the inflation rate has a negative significant effect in determining banks’ profitability. The findings of study indicate that capital and reserves, liquidity ratio, banks’ age, gross domestic product growth rate, Gross domestic product per capita and concentration ratio are not able to explain the variability of profitability of Islamic banks. The study also reveals that the profitability of Islamic banks is negatively affected by the global financial crisis. Keywords: Islamic Banks, Bank profitability, Malaysia, global financial crisis, panel data