This paper is devoted to study the effect of crashing of vehicles with concrete blocks that placed around lighting poles. Unexpected dangers takes place if crashing occurs. It may cause death of the driver and passengers, or severe injuries. In order to minimize or eliminate this risk, a system made of corrugated composite material plates have been designed to replace the concrete blocks around lighting poles. This system is made of reinforced fiber glass and it is modeled to crash with a model of car exactly similar to the real one, forming a simulation of car accident. Modeling process takes place using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). ANSYS software utilized for this purpose. Simulation was performed at three different speeds of the vehicle. Results obtained have been recorded in a form of deformed mesh, and contours. The results proved that the new designed system is working perfectly and it has the ability to absorb impact energy caused by car accident. Therefore, by using composite material instead of concrete, risk of death and injuries will minimized or completely eliminated.

 On assiste de nos jours à une disparition progressive de l'écriture dans l'enseignement du français langue étrangère, pour donner la primauté à la communication orale. Il s'en est suivi que, lors des examens écrits, les apprenants font preuve de mauvaises habitudes de pensée: sujets mal saisis, plans de composition flou, argumentation faible, voire incohérente, expression hésitante et imprécise. Ajoutons à cela la manière maladroite quand ils font un résumé de texte, un compte rendu de lecture, un commentaire de texte ou une contraction de texte. Mais, dans l'enseignement de toute langue- maternelle ou étrangère- l'écrit doit faire partie intégrante de l'éducation au langage. C'est justement ce dont on s'est aperçu il y a très peu de temps et qui a déterminé, comme il était prévisible, que l'oral ne tyrannise plus intégralement les classes de français langue étrangère. Sous l'influence de l'approche communicative, un nouvel équilibre sembles s'établir, en perspective, entre les divers "skills" de l'apprentissage, qui ont été longtemps artificiellement cloisonnés. La communication écrite commence à y retrouver une place, limitée certes pour l'instant, mais bien intégrée dans le processus d'apprentissage. L'écrit sous son double aspect- réception et production- lecture et écriture- jouit actuellement d'un regain d'intérêt en didactiques des langues étrangères. Les nouvelles approches de l'écrit s'inscrivent dans le renouveau général théorique et méthodologique, enrichissent des acquis de la sociolinguistique, de la psycholinguistique, de la pragmatique linguistique et littéraire, de l'approche communicative en didactique. 1 Sans revenir à l'opposition normative traditionnelle écrit/oral, qui envisageait l'écrit comme domaine de la belle langue, unique modèle à suivre, on s'attache à dégager la spécificité du code écrit par rapport au code oral dont il ne constitue pas, comme on a pu le soutenir, la simple et imparfaite transcription

This work is focused on nucleation stages during isothermal austenite decomposition in two medium carbon Vanadium Ti / Ti free micro alloyed steels. Isothermal treatment was carried out in the temperature range 350 to 600οC. Metallographic evaluation using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled determination of the nucleation onset phases of isothermally decomposed austenite. Mainly three phases are found to be relevant to this initiation stage of transformation: first is related to grain boundary nucleated ferrite (GBF), second is related to intra-granularly nucleated ferrite (IGF) and the third to pearlite (P). GBF and IGF are divided into the high temperature and the low temperature segments as consequence of either displacive or diffusion nature of transformation. Addition of titanium to V – micro alloyed steel in this work seems to be balanced by a slightly higher C and Mn content, leading to limited effect on nucleation stage of austenite decomposition. The results show that during continuous cooling, onset of pearlite phase can take place. It occurs at temperatures ≥ 500 C°, followed by an incomplete reaction phenomenon. The main characteristics of pearlite is always nucleated on the surface between proeutectoid ferrite and austenite. Incubation time for onset of pearlite decrease with decrease of temperature.

This paper aims to demonstrate the application of two different control techniques, namely the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and a neural network-based controller to evaluate and control the vibrations that occurred in the car's suspension system. When the car suspension is designed, a quarter car model with 1-DOF is used. A complete control system is needed to provide the desired suspension performance and characteristics such as passenger comfort, road handling, and suspension deflection, this control system performed by using the Matlab software and includes three parts: input signals (actuator force and road profile), Controller, and the suspension system model. The simulation results show a comparison between the uncontrolled suspension system and the suspension system with a neural network-based controller and the active suspension system of the car based on the linear-quadratic regulator, and it is explained thoroughly.

Vehicle safety and control is attracting attention increasingly in an attempt to improve the stability and manoeuvrability of vehicles. Three degrees of freedom vehicle dynamic model (called planar vehicle model) is established. Based on theories of fuzzy PID control and neural network based-Controller, controller of vehicle stability is designed by using the method of direct yaw rate control and the two different control strategies. The controllers were compared under one road condition which is a lane change of manoeuvre. By comparing and analyzing the control effect of fuzzy PID control and neural network based-Controller, the result shows as follows: the two controllers improved the yaw rate to follow the reference yaw rate but, using the fuzzy PID controller gave a better and closer path for the desired path of yaw rate compared to using of the neural network controller.

Factorial field experiment was done to estimate agronomic phosphorus use efficiency (APE) and partial factor productivity (PFP). The experiment was run in a private farm in Janzour area which is located west of Tripoli Libya in 2018. Two localized wheat genotypes (L1, and L2) and three rates of triple super phosphate fertilizer (0, 60, and 120) kg P2O5 ha-1 were used. The results indicated that both genotypes have good response to phosphate fertilization. APE and PFP achieved positive relationship with only 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 rate for both genotypes. Moreover, APE calculation showed positive relationship with increasing soil phosphorus test values, meanwhile, APE values was kept steady at 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 .