Rotating machinery is a critical component in mechanical systems, widely used across industrial applications. Due to time-varying speed conditions and complex operating environments, it is highly prone to various failures. Without timely diagnosis and maintenance, such failures can lead to significant performance degradation or catastrophic outcomes. To address the challenges posed by non-stationary operating conditions and vibration signals, researchers have developed diverse fault diagnosis methods, including advanced non-stationary signal processing techniques and data-driven approaches. Among these, generalized demodulation (GD) has demonstrated particular effectiveness in extracting fault-related features from complex signals. This paper provides a comprehensive review of GD-based fault diagnosis methods for rotating machinery. It revisits the fundamental concepts and theoretical basis of GD, analyzes the limitations of traditional approaches, and systematically compares GD with other widely used methods. Furthermore, existing GD-based techniques are categorized into speed-dependent and speed-independent methods based on their reliance on rotational speed, with representative studies and applications discussed. Finally, future research directions and current challenges in GD-based diagnosis are outlined, offering valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field.

 In this paper, a new continuous probability distribution has been proposed. The proposed distribution is considered as one of the extended distributions of Rayleigh distribution, which is well known in probability Theory and its applications. The distribution under consideration is titled "Exponential Log-compound Rayleigh distribution". proposed. The statistical properties of distribution parameters estimating using Maximum likelihood technique and Fisher information matrix are investigated theoretically. The evaluating of distribution performance is demonstrated on both simulated data and real data. Based on the values of bias, MSE and Fisher information matrix of the parameters estimates, the proposed distribution is considered to be working well.

Fracture toughness is a critical mechanical property influencing the clinical durability of prosthodontic materials, especially those used in high-stress posterior regions. Differences in composition, microstructure, and fabrication technologies can significantly affect resistance to crack propagation. This experimental study evaluated the fracture toughness of three prosthodontic material groups (n = 10 each). Standardized samples were prepared and tested using the Vickers indentation technique under controlled laboratory conditions. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group, and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine significant differences among the groups. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted using Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test. Statistically significant differences in fracture toughness were observed among the three groups (p < 0.001). Group II demonstrated the highest mean fracture toughness (5.39 ± 0.34 MPa·m^1/2), followed by Group III (4.34 ± 0.36 MPa·m1/2). Group I recorded the lowest mean value (2.82 ± 0.56 MPa·m1/2). Tukey’s post-hoc analysis confirmed that all pairwise comparisons were significant (p < 0.001), indicating that each material group exhibited distinct mechanical performance profiles. The findings show that the fracture toughness of prosthodontic materials vary significantly depending on their composition and manufacturing technology. Materials in Group II outperformed the other groups, suggesting greater suitability for clinical situations where high resistance to fracture is required. Further studies incorporating additional mechanical tests and long-term clinical evaluation are recommended to validate these results under functional oral conditions. 

Abstract— This study examines the current state of conformity assessment (CA) in Libya, with a specific focus on the cement manufacturing sector as a case study. Conformity assessment, encompassing testing, inspection, certification, and accreditation, plays a critical role in ensuring product quality, safety, and market access. Libya faces challenges in implementing effective CA practices, hindering its economic diversification. This research evaluates stakeholder awareness, infrastructure adequacy, legal/institutional frameworks, and alignment with international standards using a mixed-methods approach. A stakeholder survey (N=54) and qualitative analysis of Libyan legal and regulatory documents were employed. Key findings reveal nominal CA awareness (82.69%), yet practical implementation gaps exist due to inadequate infrastructure (18.8% of respondents citing this as an obstacle), weak enforcement (18.8%), and limited technical expertise. The cement sector showed low Quality Management Systems (QMS) adoption (48%) and inconsistent adherence to the Libyan Portland Cement Standard LNS 340:2009. While support for aligning with international standards is strong (average rating 4.04/5), obstacles like lack of awareness (31.1%) and technical expertise (30.2%) impede progress. The study proposes actionable recommendations to strengthen Libya’s CA system, including developing a unified national framework, investing in accredited laboratories, and promoting collaboration.

Keywords— Conformity Assessment, Cement Industry, Libya, Quality Standards, Economic Diversification, Stakeholder Awareness.

Abstract:Abstract

Digital image processing is increasingly being used in a variety of industries, including food processing, medical science, particle technology, cement, and powder manufacturing. Medical image processing is a discipline in medical science that involves the use of technology to take images of the human body's interior in the least invasive way possible. As medical and biological sciences advance, imaging has become a more important discipline. One of the most useful programs is ImageJ, a public-domain Java image processing program inspired by NIH Image for the Macintosh. In this study, we demonstrated some, but not all, applications of ImageJ in the medical field and for medical and biological students that can be easily implemented in their institutions.  One of these applications was bacterial cell counting, in which a microscopic image of gram-stained bacterial cells was captured using a student's smartphone, treated with ImageJ, and the bacterial cells were easily counted automatically using ImageJ. The second application of ImageJ in this review was to calculate the antimicrobial zone of inhibition. We calculated the percentage of the inhibition zone for three different amoxicillin antibiotic brands using very simple steps. The third application of ImageJ was to analyze a CT scan brain images, and we were able to define the hemorrhage location. Finally, we demonstrated that this free software can estimate protein-protein colocalization. This technique is useful in many cell biological and physiological studies to demonstrate the relationship between pairs of biomolecules. In another example of co-localization, the researchers confirmed the SyGCaM2-mCherry sensor's presynaptic localization to hippocampal synapses, where it was co-localized with a bassoon (a presynaptic protein) in the stratum radiatum of area CA1. In general, ImageJ is a very useful, free program that can be used easily by specialized people and the beginner medical students.

Background and objective :Helicobacter pylori [H.pylori] infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections worldwide especially in the developing countries. This bacterium is the cause of many diseases such as MALT lymphoma, gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. According to recent reports, H.pylori infection may increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The current study aimed at investigating the association of H. pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Methods: The current study was conducted on 52 patients with colon cancer as the case group and 200 subjects without pathological finding (i e, polyps, neoplasms, or inflammatory diseases) as the control group. Blood samples were collected from the patients in order to assess the presence of anti-H. pylori infection antibodies by the serum titer levels of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with commercial kit by (Dia.Pro Diagnostic Bioprobes-Italy). Results: This study demonstrates distinct associations between H.pylori infection markers and CRC risk. While IgG seropositivity showed a significant 2.16-fold increased CRC risk (p = 0.019). Conclusion: This research finding IgG seropositivity may serve as a broader risk marker.