This study is about conducting an economic comparison for establishing small and modular or large reactors in Libya, as analysts and decision makers often want to obtain estimates of the expected cost. There is a national project to establish the first nuclear station in Libya. The aim of this project is to study 19 infrastructure issues according to the International Atomic Energy Agency's Milestone Approach for any newcomer country that embarks on acquiring a nuclear station. One of these important elements of the study is the economic feasibility study of the project. For this, the IAEA INPRO NES simulator tool was used to make this comparison. During this study, the cost of a reactor unit with a capacity equal to 1085 megawatts was compared with approximately 4 equivalent units of the same capacity with small and modular reactors with a capacity of up to 300 megawatts -119921- per unit. These values were chosen to economically compare between a large reactor and four small units for the same total capacity of 1085 megawatts. From the results obtained, it was found that the estimated cost of 4 small and modular reactor units is $67.69 mill per kilowatt-hour, while the estimated cost of the LWR unit is $55.37 mill per kilowatt-hour, which means that establishing 4 SMRs units with a capacity of 300 megawatts per unit is more expensive than establishing a unit of a large 1085 MW reactor. A sensitivity analysis is applied for different discount rates, overnight construction costs, construction time to assess the levelized unit energy cost where the impact of the discount rate is obvious. There is a kind of trade-off between cost and the strength of the electrical network in Libya, as the electrical network is currently weak. It is possible to move forward with small and modular reactors or improve the electrical network to establish a nuclear station with large reactors.

ABSTRACT: This paper focuses on using natural language processing (NLP) in chatbots to manage stress in war-affected countries. A Java-based chatbot was designed to alleviate stress using two algorithms: TextRank and Stanford_CoreNLP. The problem was solved by integrating different languages using a plugin. The chatbot was tested with fifteen people and received positive feedback. Modifications were made based on user feedback, with journaling being a winner. However, the chatbot faced limitations like a lack of Arabic language support and voice chat features.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. the study aims to evaluate the association between plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and Libyan individuals' clinical and biochemical risk factors for CAD. This cross-sectional study assessed plasma concentration of Lp-PLA2 between patients with CAD and those without CAD in both genders based on clinical history, exercise ECG, two-dimensional echocardiography, and coronary angiography. Several biochemical parameters were estimated. Plasma levels of Lp-PLA2 were measured. 181 individuals were recruited for this study, including 125 with CAD and 56 without CAD. Plasma Lp-PLA2 concentration was significantly higher in patients with CAD versus individuals without coronary artery disease. In addition, the plasma concentration of Lp-PLA2 was higher in patients >60 years of age compared with patients <60 years old. To conclude Plasma level of Lp-PLA2 concentration was independently correlated with CAD, an inflammatory marker such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein among Libyan patients.

La représentation de la femme dans la littérature, particulièrement dans les sociétés arabes et francophones, a toujours été au centre des préoccupations intellectuelles et sociales. Au fil des décennies, elle est devenue une thématique cruciale pour comprendre les enjeux de genre, d'identité et d'émancipation dans ces contextes. Les écrivaines Nawal El Saadawi et Leïla Slimani, deux figures emblématiques de la littérature féminine arabe et francophone, proposent des récits où les luttes, aspirations et réalités des femmes occupent une place centrale.

Nawal El Saadawi, militante féministe égyptienne, utilise la fiction et les essais pour dénoncer l'oppression patriarcale et les injustices sociales subies par les femmes dans les sociétés arabes, particulièrement sous le prisme de la religion, de la tradition et des normes sociales. À travers ses œuvres, elle dresse un portrait sans concession de la condition féminine, mettant en avant des personnages féminins qui luttent contre l'invisibilisation et la soumission.

Leïla Slimani, quant à elle, bien que d'origine marocaine, s’inscrit dans une perspective franco-maghrébine plus large. Ses romans, tels que Chanson douce et Le Pays des autres, explorent non seulement la condition féminine, mais aussi la tension entre tradition et modernité, entre les attentes de la société et la quête personnelle d'indépendance des femmes. Slimani, à travers un style plus psychologique, s'interroge sur les ambiguïtés du désir féminin, les frustrations domestiques et les conflits identitaires.

Bien que ces deux auteures évoluent dans des contextes sociopolitiques distincts, leurs œuvres partagent des thèmes communs comme la quête de liberté, la transgression des normes sociales, et la redéfinition des rôles de genre. Cette étude comparative se propose d’analyser les similitudes et divergences dans la manière dont El Saadawi et Slimani construisent la représentation de la femme.

Abstract: The Study aims to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the Ain Zara area, situated south of Tripoli, and assesses its suitability for drinking using the Canadian Water Quality Index (CCMEWQI) and the Weighted Arithmetic Index (WAWQI). A total of 40 well water samples were collected in March and April 2023, with GPS data collected for the wells and mapped accordingly. Key parameters measured included dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite (NO2-), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved salts (TDS), pH, and concentrations of positive ions (Ca²⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺) as well as negative ions (NO3-, SO4²-, Cl-, HCO3-). Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) were calculated, with results compared against the Libyan Standard Specifications for Drinking Water No. 82 (2013). Analysis indicated an increase in TDS concentration in select samples, exceeding the maximum concentration (7100 mg/L) in well 10, alongside elevated sodium ion concentrations in wells (10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37) and calcium ions in wells (7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 32) and 35 in the northern and northwestern sections of the study area. Furthermore, increased concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate ions were observed in the wells to the north and northwest. Other parameters remained within the permissible limits according to the 2013 Libyan standard specifications. Wells (1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 38, 39, and 40), located in the southern and southeastern parts of the study area, were classified as excellent quality for drinking, according to both the CCMEWQI and WAWQI. In contrast, the remaining wells in the northern and northwestern areas were classified from good to acceptable to poor, rendering them unsuitable for drinking. The study demonstrated that both indices displayed similar spatial distributions.