The present investigation was aimed at developing the stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for the determination of nelfinavir mesylate (NEM) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The stability of NEM was tested in various dissolution media maintained at ambient temperature and 37°C for 48 h. Stability studies of NEM in various media indicated that the drug was stable in 0.1M HC1 and pH 7.8 phosphate buffer, The max were found 201.4 and 212.0 nm for 0.1M HC1 and pH 7.8 phosphate buffers respectively with low coefficient of variation of < 5.11 %. The linearity of NEM was found in the range of 0.5 - 60 ug/mL for 0.1M HC1 and 0.5 - 40 ug/mL for pH 7.8 phosphate buffer. The validated methods were applied to determine NEM concentration in formulations. In-vitro dissolution testing indicated that the NEM was stable and drug release was uniform from tablet dosage forms. The optimized media could be employed to study the dissolution profiles of NEM in bioequivalence studies.

Network layer indications are not readily available upon a link change; therefore, general dependes on the network layer may introduce unnecessary delays due to network layer signaling for a simple link layer handover. If information could be gathered at link layer to determine the need for network layer signaling, then both the delay and signaling load could be really improved over the current standards of Mobile IP.

This paper presents a Cross-layer decision on two layer network and link layers to improve the performance of Enhanced Mobile IP (E-Mobile IP) handover in which reducing packet loss and latency during handover process.

Analytical method development being a vital part of pre formulation-formulation research and development obviates the need to develop reliable, effective, eco friendly and cost effective methodologies for routine analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. UV spectroscopy is one of the earliest, yet of wide applications in drug analysis in different stages of formulations and quality control; despite the availabilities of sophisticated chromatographic techniques and other hyphenated techniques. Current research attempts to develop simple, sensitive, accurate, precise and economical UV spectrophotometric methods for the routine analysis of acyclovir in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms using two separate alkaline media, 0.1N NaOH (method A) and 0.1N KOH (method B) and validate them as per ICH guidelines. In both the methods maximum absorbance was observed at 264 nm. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration of 2.5-40 μg / mL in method A and 2.5-30 μg / mL in method B with correlation coefficient of 0.999. The % recovery carried out by adding known amount of standard drug to pre-analyzed tablet solutions was 98.75 ± 0.52 % to 99.78 ± 0.69 % (method A) and 98.55 ± 0.31 % to 99.78 ± 0.22 % (method B). Intra and interday precision expressed in % RSD were 0.38 ± 0.01 and 0.27 ± 0.02 - 0.44 ± 0.01 respectively and the percent purity was 99.85 ± 0.05 %. The methods were validated statistically as per ICH guidelines and the results obtained were within the acceptance criteria for the parameters relating to linearity, accuracy, precision.

Cutting samples (n = 93) from the Sirte, Tagrifet, Rakb, Rachmat, Bahi Formations of Upper Cretaceous and Nubian Formation (Lower Cretaceous) derived from eleven wells (6C1-59, 6J1-59, 6R1-59, KK1-65, OO2-65, M1-51, KK1-65, B-96, B-95, B-99, E1-NC-59) locate in the Amal, Gialo, Nafoora, and Sarir Fields present in East Sirte Basin were analysed in the aim of their organic geochemical evaluation. A bulk geochemical parameters and evaluation of specific biomarkers by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) implemented to find out a diversity of interbedded non-marine lithofacies including sandstones, siltstones, shales and conglomerates. Such rocks are good source and contain fair to good contented of organic matter passing in the course of very good, in which the excellent source rocks have organic carbon richness (TOC) reached to 5.16 wt%. The studied samples are ranged from gas to oil-prone organic matter (OM) of hydrogen index (HI) ranged between 115 - 702 mg HC/g TOC, related with gas prone (OM) of (HI) <150 and most beds contain oil-prone organic matter of (HI) > 300, associated with oxygen index (OI): 3 - 309 mg CO2/g TOC indicate that organic matter is dominated by Type II/III kerogen. The maturity of these source rocks is variations ranges from mature to post-mature-oil window in the Sirte and Rachmat Formations, as inferred from the production index (PI: 0.07 - 1.55) and Tmax and Ro% data (Tmax: 425 - 440/Ro%: 0.46 - 1.38) and early to mid-stage maturities for the other formations. Low PI in some samples seems to imply that the most of the hydrocarbons have expelled and migrated from the rocks. Biomarker ratios of individual hydrocarbons in rock extracts (n = 21), were also used in order to investigate the samples’ thermal maturity and palaeo depositional conditions. Pristine/Phytane ratios of 0.65 - 1.25 and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene (DBT/P) ratios of 0.04 - 0.47 indicated Anoxic and suboxic conditions of depositional source rock. The origin of OM of the studied samples attributed to a marine algal source as indicated from the dominated by the C27 and co-dominant C28 homologues sterane in molecular composition distributions. The marine shale and carbonate lithofacies of rock samples were also indicated by high C19TT/C23TT ratio and low relative abundance of C24TeT/C23TT, consistent with their interpreted marine affinity. An organic geochemical evaluation pointed out that the Sirte Shale formation (Campanian/Turonian) is the main source rock in this petroleum area. 

Tricyclic terpanes to hopanes Ratios calculated from individual biomarkers to delineate their distribution, identifications, mixing ratios and biological precursor in a suite of crude oils (n = 24) from the East Sirt Basin. Geochemical application of Tricyclic terpane and Hopane biomarkers is divided studied oils into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) based on the different ratios between Tricyclic terpanes to hopanes. Percentages of C23 Tricyclic terpanes/17α (H), 21β(H)-hopanes (C30αβ) and C28 Tricyclic terpane/17α (H), 21β (H)-30 hopanes (C31) have divided crude oils into 2 main individual groups in addition to 3 mixed groups. Group I, characterized by the dominance and extension of the tricycle terpane series (≈ C45 Tricyclic terpane). Group V, distinguished with the dominance of 17α (H), 21β (H) hopanes series. Groups II, contained a domination Tricyclic terpanes and hopanes, considered as a mixed group. The group III demonstrated equivalent ratios of Tricyclic terpanes to hopanes. The Group IV revealed a reduced amount of Tricyclic terpanes with enrich of hopanes. Tricyclic terpanes derived from tricyclohexaprenol precursors and attributed to a marine depositional environment and algal matter. Hopanes in obtained from bacteriohopane polyols and aminopolyols and distinguished to a depositional bacterial environment.

The influence of physical (external added weight) and neurophysiological (fatigue) factors on static and dynamic balance in sport related activities was typified statically by the Romberg test (one foot flat, eyes open) and dynamically by jumping and hopping in both horizontal and vertical directions. Twenty healthy males were participated in this study. In Static condition, added weight increased body-s inertia and therefore decreased body sway in AP direction though not significantly. Dynamically, added weight significantly increased body sway in both ML and AP directions, indicating instability, and the use of the counter rotating segments mechanism to maintain balance was demonstrated. Fatigue on the other hand significantly increased body sway during static balance as a neurophysiological adaptation primarily to the inverted pendulum mechanism. Dynamically, fatigue significantly increased body sway in both ML and AP directions again indicating instability but with a greater use of counter rotating segments mechanism. Differential adaptations for each of the two balance mechanisms (inverted pendulum and counter rotating segments) were found between one foot flat and two feet flat dynamic conditions, as participants relied more heavily on the first in the one foot flat conditions and relied more on the second in the two feet flat conditions.

The Muslim faith requires individuals to fast between the hours of sunrise and sunset during the month of Ramadan. Our recent work has concentrated on some of the changes that take place during the daytime when fasting. A questionnaire was developed to assess subjective estimates of physical, mental and social activities, and fatigue. Four days were studied: in the weeks before and after Ramadan (control days) and during the first and last weeks of Ramadan (experimental days). On each of these four days, this questionnaire was given several times during the daytime and once after the fast had been broken and just before individuals retired at night. During Ramadan, daytime mental, physical and social activities all decreased below control values but then increased to abovecontrol values in the evening. The desires to perform physical and mental activities showed very similar patterns. That is, individuals tried to conserve energy during the daytime in preparation for the evenings when they ate and drank, often with friends. During Ramadan also, individuals were more fatigued in the daytime and napped more often than on control days. This extra fatigue probably reflected decreased sleep, individuals often having risen earlier (before sunrise, to prepare for fasting) and retired later (to enable recovery from the fast). Some physiological measures and objective measures of performance (including the response to a bout of exercise) have also been investigated. Urine osmolality fell during the daytime on control days as subjects drank, but rose in Ramadan to reach values at sunset indicative of dehydration. Exercise performance was also compromised, particularly late in the afternoon when the fast had lasted several hours. Self-chosen exercise work-rates fell and a set amount of exercise felt more arduous. There were also changes in heart rate and lactate accumulation in the blood, indicative of greater cardiovascular and metabolic stress caused by the exercise in subjects who had been fasting. Daytime fasting in Ramadan produces widespread effects which probably reflect combined effects of sleep loss and restrictions to intakes of water and food.

A molecular manipulation efforts were made at β carbon of α, β unsaturated site of nalidixic acid by Michael addition, in expectation to get newer chemimanipulated derivatives with potent/modified antimicrobial spectrum. At the ends of chemimanipulative work, totally 5 derivatives were synthesized and characterized by spectral data. All the derivatives were screened for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aureginosa, and Proteus vulgaris at a concentration of 100μg/disc with the same dose of nalidixic acid as control by agar plate disc diffusion method. The results revealed that hydrazine substituted tricyclic derivatives exhibited potent antibacterial activity gram +ve rather than against gram –ve, however, potentiation were found to be against gram +ve and gram –ve bacteria.