ABSTRACT Coronary artery disease (CAD) is quite common among diabetics in all age groups and its risk is independently affiliated with Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2). There is strong evidence that the elevated plasma level of Lp-PLA2 indicates vascular inflammation associated with plaque formation within the arteries. Therefore, the relationship between the plasma Lp-PLA2 level and coronary

artery disease risk factors between non-diabetic and diabetic patients will be studied. Materials and Methods: A total of 181 individuals were recruited from the National Heart Centre Tajoura and divided into 4 groups (40 healthy controls (HC), 43 non-diabetics (NDM) who had CAD, 54 DM2 without CAD, and 44 DM2 who had CAD). The relationship between Lp-PLA2 and the potential biochemical risk markers for CAD will be studied between the groups. Results: All the groups that participated in this study have similar body mass index. There is statistical significance in the level of plasma level Lp-PLA2 between DM2 with CAD, DM2 without CAD and HC with ( ***P<0.0001, **P<0.006), respectively; and likewise between NDM with CAD and HC with *P<0.05. Although there is a significant difference between the plasma levels of Lp-PLA2 between the groups below the age of 60 years, there is no statistical significance between the groups above the age of 60 years. Correspondingly, there is a statistical difference in the plasma level of Lp-PLA2 between healthy controls and both DM2 without CAD and DM2 with CAD with (**P<0.006, and ***P<0.0001), respectively. Once more, there is statistical significance in the plasma level of Lp-PLA2 between NDM with CAD and healthy controls with *P<0.05. Furthermore, there is a statistical difference in the serum level of CRP between DM2 with CAD and HC. In addition, there is a positive relationship exists between the duration of diabetes mellitus without CAD and the level of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with **P <0.003 in both genders. Conclusion: In this study, the high level of Lp-PLA2 and CRP strongly indicate the presence of vascular inflammation associated with the formation of arterial atherosclerosis with thrombus formation. These findings are also correlated with diabetic duration and they could be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of coronary artery disease. 

In this study, bovine sodium caseinate (NaCas) was hydrolyzed with four proteases, alcalase, savinase, subtilisin A, and flavourzyme. In addition to the structural changes occurred through the enzymatic hydrolysis, the solubility, oil binding capacity, zeta potential, emulsification properties, and in vitro antioxidant capacity, anti-carcinogenic and antidiabetic properties of hydrolysates were determined. FTIR combined with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) made in Amide I region

enable to classification of the samples based on the changes of the secondary structure depending on the enzyme type and degree of fragmentation. Technological properties of NaCas were enhanced through the enzymatic hydrolysis, and those were more prominent in serine-type enzymes, regardless of the enzyme type, all hydrolysates showed high antioxidant capacities. All

hydrolysates, specifically those produced by savinase and alcalase, reduced the viability of the carcinogenic Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner and showed a very low level of cytotoxicity against healthy HEK-293 cells. The hydrolysis treatment made a significant contribution to the antidiabetic activity of NaCas. Particularly alcalase and savinase hydrolysates suppressed the activity of a- amylase and a- glucosidase. Therefore, the generated milk protein hydrolysates could be used

in functional food developments for specific dietary purposes.

The experiment was conducted to assess the sensitivity of potato yield to dif-ferent irrigation levels at different growth stages. Irrigation levels were determined as percentages (WI 100% as readily available water to the crop (RAW)), and for the rest of the treatments (WII 75%, WIII 50%), as they were applied separately to all four stages of crop growth i.e., vegetative (SI), tuber initiation (SII), tuber bulking SIII, and tuber matu-ration (SIV). The design of complete random sectors was adopted to perform the experi-ments. The results revealed that all the studied parameters: plant height (cm), vegetation plant weight (g), number of tubers per plant, tuber weight (g), tuber yield (ton/ha), and crop water productivity (kg/m3) varied among irrigation water levels at different stages of growth. It was found that the two stages, SII and SIII in potato crops, were more sensitive to deficit irrigation compared to other stages. According to the obtained results, in the case of water abundance conditions, the treatment WII SI can be applied to obtain the highest water crop productivity. In conditions of water scarcity, it becomes necessary to apply the treatment WIII SIII to obtain the highest crop water productivity.

The aim of this work was to establish a temperature of finish rolling stage of Nb/Ti microalloyed steel containing 0.06 wt.% C, 0.77 wt.% Mn, 0.039 wt.% Nb and 0.015 wt.% Ti, using physical simulation. Samples were subjected to laboratory simulation at a twist plastometer at high temperatures, i.e. between 825 and 950 °C. Five pass deformation and interpass times were selected in accordance with a processing parameters at five stand finishing hot strip mill. Restoration (recovery and/or recrystallization) behavior was evaluated by calculation of Fraction Softening (FS) and Area Softening Parameter (ASP) values. At 950 °C all individual pass stress-strain curves, FS and ASP show full recrystallization in all interpass intervals. On the other hand, with a decrease in temperature to the interval of 875-825 °C, the extent of restoration is decreasing, leading to recovery as a sole softening mechanism at 825 °C, which was confirmed by the stress-strain curve shape, and values of FS and ASP. It is assumed that, due to high supersaturation, strain-induced precipitation promoted pinning of grain and subgrain boundaries and suppressed recrystallization. Therefore, the critical temperature for finish rolling was estimated to be 825 °C.