Produced water from carbonate reservoir can be reinjected into the formation to stimulate hydrocarbon production in aging wells. This is known as water injection or water flooding. This is the most economically friendly method of produced water disposal. In this paper, a laboratory approach to compare and evaluate the efficiency of formation and sea water injection for enhancing oil recovery at room condition in carbonate reservoirs. The main objective of this paper to achieve the maximum oil recovery for the limestone rock by using formation and sea water. This study was conducted using several samples of limestone rock saturated with oil by placing them in the reservoir conditions by placing them in a vacuum oven to ensure complete saturation of the samples with oil and then extracting the oil from them using liquid permeability where the samples are injected by formation and sea water. The oil recovery by formation water injection is range from 26.4 % to 47 %. The oil recovery by sea water injection is range from 0.00 % to 10 %. The oil recovery factor for formation water injection is higher than the oil recovery factor for sea water injection.

This study examined effect of potassium drip fertigation on the growth and

fruit yield of tomato under field conditions at western Libyan conditions, in two

consecutive seasons. The soil texture sites was sandy, pH around 8.0. the soil potassium

was extracted and estimated by flam photometer at 766 μm. The rate of potassium fertilizer

were F1: 0; F2: 150; F3: 300 kg K2O ha-1 as potassium chloride form in three replicates.

The experimental site was designed in randomized complete block (RCBD). and I1: 75%

ET𝑐; I2: 100% ET𝑐; I3: 125% ET𝑐 levels for irrigation. The interactions for both potassium

fertilization levels and irrigation treatments with fruit yield were found. The single

treatments of potassium fertilization or irrigation significantly affected the tomato fruit

yield, where fertilization and irrigation applications increased the fruit weight from 13.99 t

ha-1 to 34.47 t ha-1 t/ha minimum in F1I1 and maximum in F3I3. Application of different Kfertilizers

and irrigations had significant effect in PFP (partial factor productivity), and

AUE (agronomic use efficiency) as compared to K-control plots of tomato. The average of

PFP for K and irrigation in two treatments were 65.65 kg kg-1 in F2I3, and 59.43 kg kg-1 in

F3I3 which are greater than the values of control, F1I1, F1I2, and F1I3 treatments

Abstract

 To achieve nearly zero energy buildings While it is frequently not economically viable (AZE) level for buildings in northern climates, there is an urgent demand for innovative building thermal envelope designs or building insulation materials. the use of facade systems that can adjust to changing weather conditions outside or Numerous studies have focused on developing walls that use biomimetic principles to respond to changing indoor and outdoor temperature and lighting circumstances as well as dynamic optical and dynamic features. These solutions avoid the need for additional energy input. Such a system aims to capture solar energy in the summer for winter heating. Beijing, National Aquatics Center, Beijing, Beijing National Stadium, Council House 2, Melbourne, Milwaukee Art Museum, Wisconsin, The Gherkin, London are the five different buildings that were selected around the world and used as a sample in this research, the buildings selected were . The research concludes with….. Keywords: building shell with a climate-adaptive design, energy-efficient structure; and biomimicry ا

الملخص:

لتحقيق ما يقرب من صفر من المباني التي تحتاج الى طاقة يتطلب في حينها الكثير من التكلفة الباهظة كالمباني الواقعة في المناخ الشمالي. مما يزداد الطلب على المباني(AZE (والتكون ذي جدوه اقتصادية ذات التصميمات الحرارية المبتكرة وذات مواد عازلة ، كما يمكن أن تستخدم مجلة العالم والفنون السنة الرابعة العدد الثاني عشر )مارس 2023( 504 أنظمة الواجهات التي تتكيف مع الظروف الجوية المتغيرة في الخارج التي تم التركيز عليها في الدراسة وتطوير الجدران في مباني المحاكاة الحيوية لاستجابة لظروف الإضاءة الداخلية والخارجية المنقلبة، بالإضافة الي السمات البصرية الديناميكية، وفي مثل هذه الحلول تتجنب الحاجة الى مدخلات طاقة إضافية. مما يهدف هذا النظام الى النقاط الطاقة الشمسية في الصيف، وللتدفئة الشتوية في فصل الشتاء، مثل المباني المركز الوطني لألعاب المائية ببكين في الصين، ومجلس البيت 2 في ملبورن، ومتحف ميلووكي للفنون في ويسكنسن، ومبنى ذا غيركن في لندن، وكل هذه المباني الخمس المختلفة تم اختيارها حول العالم و استخدامها كعينة في هذا البحث. ويختم البحث بالمباني التي تم اختيارهم.

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the Libyan construction industry is still in its early stages. However, there is a growing interest in BIM among industry professionals due to its potential to improve project efficiency, reduce errors, and enhance collaboration between project stakeholders. There is potential for significant growth in the future as industry professionals become more familiar with BIM and its benefits and as the government and industry associations take steps to promote its adoption. This study investigates the potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) implementation and the barriers to non-implement BIM in the Libyan construction sector. 500 questionnaires were sent out via online survey, and 101 completed questionnaires were returned and analyzed using the mean index and ranking method as part of the investigation. The study's findings indicated that BIM currently can be used in the design and operation stages, and it is strongly advised that might be implemented for all phases of Libyan building over the project lifecycle.

We aim to offer this abstract in order to understand the system capable of tracking

meat products using a digital ledger technology known as (Blockchain technology), we will

highlight their mechanism of work and the benefits and pitfalls to avoid. The traceability system for food was published in July 2007 by the International Standards Organization and prepared by the Technical Committee: ISO/TC 34/SC 17.

Tractability increases the correct information that must be recorded in all supply chains. It ensures that every element in the supply chain is controlled, which is used as an evaluation tool to combat meat fraud and enhance meat safety. It is utilized to satisfy consumers by defending the authenticity of meat products, supporting operating and production systems, and strengthening meat markets. Blockchain technology is a modern technology whose mechanism relies on an advanced database that allows information to be shared transparently within a food network, specific to the type of product or commercial activity. The technology in the meat industry stores data in blocks that are connected to each other in a seamless manner and displays it when needed by manufacturers, customers, suppliers, and wholesalers. Blockchain technology contributes to bringing about revolutionary changes and a qualitative shift in the development of various sectors because it offers a new concept for creating, organizing, proving, and transferring data. The blockchain constitutes a decentralized digital record called a “digital ledger,” which is available, distributed, and authenticated among all participants in the blockchain network.

Blockchain technology in the meat industry would be defined as the main and central record for

monitoring and tracing all activities using IoT, in which all industrial practices are recorded, from

the processing of raw materials and additives through supply chains. Blockchain should be used

as a tool to prevent meat-borne diseases and reduce fraud in the meat industry. Traditional food

supply methods are ineffective or not properly documented, which can result in fraud and errors in food processing, making them difficult to trace. Therefore, we advise meat suppliers to utilize both the tractability system and blockchain technology because both are tools to digitize meat

products. In summary, applying the tracking system and digital ledger technology in the manufacture of meat products increases the organization of the flow of control and monitoring processes, which leads to improved transparency and real-time coordination between manufacturers, trading partners, and even consumers.