Marketing experts have debated for more than two decades about the effect of nationality and culture on marketing. However, most research on this issue was conducted in Western countries. An important question for marketers in the international arena, therefore, is whether the consumer's responses (i.e., sentiment and behavioural aspects) toward the global marketing programs in developing countries depend on culture. In a research representing a large sample of consumers and four different home appliances country-of-origin global operators in Libya, we explore the potential role of culture on consumers' responses toward foreign marketing programs. Results indicate that although the foreign companies have a tendency to adopted standardisation perspective, this does not impact on consumers' responses in a single cultural context toward marketing. The findings reveal that buying behavior was more a function of individual difference than of national cultural context. Further, our results suggest that for mainstream home appliances, segmenting on the basis of nationality is probably unnecessary and that a standardized approach would likely be successful across an increasingly relevant Arab world; and that continuing perceptions of Arab insularity are likely to be misplaced. Faced with the effectiveness of globally efficient marketing programs, local manufacturers would need to work hard to identify particular niche segments where a culturally-specific appeal might be more successful

Keywords: buyer's characteristics, consumer behaviour, the Arab World, marketing program, home appliances

The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability of system measurements on indoor radio wave propagation at (28–33GHz) which might be used by 5G communication.

This paper is the continuation of a research carried out by Alabish et.al, which depicts the scattering objects effects on a blocked indoor wireless 5G link by a human body using a simple approach. Some measurement were made on the scattering effects due to having an object close to the link in this case it is a human body. In this paper, more measurements were conducted at 32 GHz. The double knife-edge diffraction (DKED) model was used in order to foresee the attenuation due to human body. To test the prediction precision of the model, simulation was then compared with measurements. The obtained results indicate that the assumed simple models for the indoor links performed well.

This paper is concerned with studying the effects of human body blockage as well as surrounding objects scattering effects for an indoor 31 and 33 GHz link utilizing the Double Knife Edge Diffraction (DKED) model for diffraction effect on received signal.

For Arabic letters recognition, we achieve three of pattern recognition approaches namely gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), local binary pattern recognition (LBP) and artificial neural network (ANN) and compare between them to result best performance. Two of these methods level co-occurrence matrix and local binary pattern recognition are used for feature extraction whereas in artificial neural network (ANN) we use the intensity values of pixels for input of the neural network. Two classifiers are used, the K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) for the LBP, GLCM and neural network classifier for (ANN) artificial neural network. Also, we evaluate the results by using leave one person out approach, fold classification and leave one out.

Jamal Abdul-Nasser is a major trunk road that divides Sebha city into two semi-equal parts. It connects almost all districts with different activities and services in the center of the city. Alongside Jamal Abdul-Nasser Street, exist various types of activities: administrative, educational, commercial, public services and some other activities. Due to its importance, the street carries out the densest traffic movement within the city. This paper tries to study and analyze traffic movement at five intersections on Jamal Abdul-Nasser Street: (1) Al-Nahdha; (2) Khaled IbnAl-Walid; (3) Al-Khotoot; (4) Al-Tijari Bank; (5) Al-Zeraie Bank. Selection of the pre-mentioned intersections referred to their importance as converging points to various important activities and land uses. Data required for the study purposes include intersection characteristics, traffic flow characteristics and traffic composition pattern. The results reveal the significance of taking care of the geometric and regulatory aspects that enable the intersections to perform well with regard the smoothness of traffic flow.