this paper derives extended three-stage recursive identification algorithm of MISO for (CARARMA) systems. Based on The decomposition technique, four subsystems are obtained and the parameters of each subsystem are identified. Some model validation methods are computed to measure the model value and Akaike’s Final Prediction Error Criterion (FPE) is used to verify the selection of system order. The algorithm has a high computational efficiency because the covariance matrices dimensions become small in each subsystem. Finally, this algorithm effectiveness is demonstrated in simulation example.

ABSTRACT

In the 21st century, climate change is considered one of the greatest environmental threats to the world, and it has greater negative impacts on human society and the natural environment. All the IPCC's reports concluded that we should prepare scenarios and strategies for under the conditions of forthcoming global change. This study presents the projections of future changes under HadCM3 A2a and HadCM3 B2a SRES scenarios using the statistical downscaling model (SDSM) in the period (2020-2099) and their link to the planning of sustainable development in Libya. Results of downscaling show that the SDSM model can be well acceptable regard its performance. The result of the SDSM model showed great reliability of SDSM in ascertaining changes for the periods; (2020-2039), (2040-2059), (2060-2079) and (2080-2099), relative to 1961–1990. Trend analysis in Libya showed an increase in average annual and monthly temperature, compared to the baseline period for both HadCM3A2a and HadCM3B2a scenarios in both the dry and wet seasons. Thus, there is likely to be a significant warming in local surface temperature, which is enough for a significant change on the energy balance and is likely to affect water availability. The SDSM is well to help decision-makers understand the expectations of the change in extreme temperatures in the future and its environmental and economic impacts and social in Libya.

Keywords: Statistical downscaling model, SDSM, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC, General circulation model, GCM, HadCM3 Hadley Climate Model version, Temperature, Libya.

Jamal Abdul-Nasser is a major trunk road that divides Sebha city into two semi-equal parts. It connects almost all districts with different activities and services in the center of the city. Alongside Jamal Abdul-Nasser Street, exist various types of activities: administrative, educational, commercial, public services and some other activities. Due to its importance, the street carries out the densest traffic movement within the city. This paper tries to study and analyze traffic movement at five intersections on Jamal Abdul-Nasser Street: (1) Al-Nahdha; (2) Khaled IbnAl-Walid; (3) Al-Khotoot; (4) Al-Tijari Bank; (5) Al-Zeraie Bank. Selection of the pre-mentioned intersections referred to their importance as converging points to various important activities and land uses. Data required for the study purposes include intersection characteristics, traffic flow characteristics and traffic composition pattern. The results reveal the significance of taking care of the geometric and regulatory aspects that enable the intersections to perform well with regard the smoothness of traffic flow.

In this paper we introduce a new fractional generalization of the

Smith's formula for the classical generalization of the Drude

equation. The generalized Drude formula described was proposed

originally to account for the unusual behavior of the optical

properties of mercury and its amalgams, it can be used for liquid

tellurium and some quasicrystals.

Two new fractional entropy functions, first, based on extension of

Ubriaco and Shafee approach, and second, the generalization

through the use of concept of expansion of linear fractional

distributed order derivative, is proposed. The first entropies are the

two-parametric functions. The second entropy is a linear

combination of the above functions. Then they have the same

properties as the Shannon entropy except additivity. For q1, q2 

(0,1], these entropies satisfy the third law of thermodynamics in

the Bento sense, and, for q1 ≤ 1 and q2 ≥ 1, the Lesche stability

criteria.

A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis has become a key tool used

by businesses for strategic planning. Scholars have conducted SWOT research for over six

decades. However, a collective understanding of SWOT analysis remains vague. This study

accessed, analyzed, and synthesized the SWOT literature, allowing for new theoretical

perspectives and frameworks to emerge. Using an integrative literature review, this study reviewed

SWOT studies historically, providing a greater understanding of the SWOT analysis in different

sectors and the different approaches used in SWOT studies. Furthermore, it fills the knowledge

gap in the strategic planning context and indicates meaningful implications for managers that could

help improve their strategic decisions.