Water injection has proven to be one of the most successful, efficient and cost-effective reservoir management strategies. By reinjecting treated and filtered water into tanks, this approach can help maintain tank pressure, increase hydrocarbon production, and reduce environmental impact. The goal of this project is to create a water injection model using Eclipse tank simulation software to better understand water injection methods to maintain tank pressure. A basic reservoir model is utilized in this investigation. The simulation was performed about 52 years using ECLIPSE Reservoir simulator. In all cases, result shows that oil production with water injection is higher compared with the base case. With this, it would be preferred to apply waterflooding for oil recovery in depleted reservoirs to the use of primary methods. It is also observed that water breakthrough is earlier and water production increases gently with water injection rates. Sensitivity on the injection rate using the 3D model showed that the injection rate has impact on the process. The pressure increases with high injection water rate in all cases. Despite higher reservoir pressure and early in water breakthrough, water flooding accounts for less oil recovery due to rapid water production. Generally, based on the results and discussions, it can be concluded that the water injection option can be used to increase the reservoir pressure to a good extent. 

• Eighty-five rock samples corresponding to the Palaeozoic formations were taken from two wells in
• the NC 200 Block of the Murzuq Basin. The study aimed to find out geochemical characteristics of
• parameters and specific Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) biomarkers were 
• applied to determine the potential hydrocarbon generation. Per se, Rocks are good sources and 
• hold fair content of organic matter, crossing in the range of good accumulation, in which the very 
• good source rocks have an organic carbon richness (TOC) reached of 3.7 wt%. The studied rocks 
• are ranged from immature to late mature organic matter (OM) with total organic carbon richness 
• (TOC) range between 0.4 – 3.7 wt%. Rock-Eval parameters S1, S2, S3, Tmax, S2/S3, OI, PI and HI 
• of the source rock samples have values ranged from 0.02 – 0.3, 0.22 – 6, 0.36 – 4, 423 – 443, 24= 
• 350, 0 – 0.27 and 42 – 384 respectively. The range of hydrogen index (HI) related to oxygen index 
• (OI) displays that all kerogen types from Type II to Type III are exist and increase with depth. The 
• Tmax parameter is wide-ranging among studied formations, indicating different levels of organic 
• matter maturity, from immature oil window and to late mature for the Devonian-Carboniferous and 
• Silurian source rocks, associated with more depth. Molecular composition analysis of n-alkanes and 
• other biomarkers supported the findings of Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, revealing varied hydrocarbon 
• signatures across the formations. The Carbon isotope analysis (δ13C) suggested multiple sources 
• contributing to the generated oil, including Type I to Type III kerogens. Silurian Bir Tlacsin/Tanezzuft Formations, the Devonian Awaynat Wanin/BDS II Formations, and

Large outbreaks of skin lesions in cattle have been observed recently throughout the governorate. The LSDV was

shown to be the causative factor. The local strain of LSDV was sequenced and deposited into GenBank, where it

was assigned the accession number MK552139 and designated as LSDV/Egy-BSU/2018. The discovered strain

resources were connected and to other LSDVs, however the phylogenetic tree clustered viruses of sheep pox, goat

pox, and LSD viruses independently.

Abstract: Eighty-five rock samples corresponding to the Palaeozoic formations were taken from two wells in the NC 200 Block of the Murzuq Basin. The study aimed to find out geochemical characteristics of Silurian Bir Tlacsin/Tanezzuft Formations, the Devonian Awaynat Wanin/BDS II Formations, and the Carboniferous Marar/Lower Marar Formations. Rock-Eval analysis, Total organic carbon (TOC) parameters and specific Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) biomarkers were applied to determine the potential hydrocarbon generation. Per se, Rocks are good sources and hold fair content of organic matter, crossing in the range of good accumulation, in which the very good source rocks have an organic carbon richness (TOC) reached of 3.7 wt%. The studied rocks are ranged from immature to late mature organic matter (OM) with total organic carbon richness (TOC) range between 0.4 – 3.7 wt%. Rock-Eval parameters S1, S2, S3, Tmax, S2/S3, OI, PI and HI of the source rock samples have values ranged from 0.02 – 0.3, 0.22 – 6, 0.36 – 4, 423 – 443, 24= 350, 0 – 0.27 and 42 – 384 respectively. The range of hydrogen index (HI) related to oxygen index (OI) displays that all kerogen types from Type II to Type III are exist and increase with depth. The Tmax parameter is wide-ranging among studied formations, indicating different levels of organic matter maturity, from immature oil window and to late mature for the Devonian-Carboniferous and Silurian source rocks, associated with more depth. Molecular composition analysis of n-alkanes and other biomarkers supported the findings of Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, revealing varied hydrocarbon signatures across the formations. The Carbon isotope analysis (δ13C) suggested multiple sources contributing to the generated oil, including Type I to Type III kerogens.

Abstract: The Ordovician to Devonian succession in the in Murzuq Basin represents the most important part of the lower Paleozoic terrigenous Al Gargaf siliciclastic group, which consists of several formations such as the Ordovician Hawaz, Melaz Shuqran and Mamuniyat Formations and the Devonian Tadrart and Awainat Wanin Formations. Different integrated methods were used and implemented in order to understand lithology and sedimentary structures of the Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian formations. Firstly, intensive geological field trips were carried out and special attention was focused on Ordovician and Devonian reservoir sandstones and the Silurian source rocks. Secondly facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy methods were applied to figure out a simple sequence stratigraphic division of the Ordovician to Devonian succession based on outcrop sections, well logs and interpreted seismic sections. As a result of the petrographic field investigation and facies analysis based on seismic interpretation of the several seismic lines in the study area. Sequence boundaries of the Ordovician and Devonian succession on all seismic sections were identified by using specific reflection terminations such as onlap and erosional truncations features. 13 seismic facies were recognized, divided and classified for each of the examined stratigraphic formations (4 facies in Hawaz, 5 facies in Melaz Shuqran and Mamuniyat formations and 4 facies in the Tadrart and Awainat Wanin). A seismic facies classification chart was made on the basis of the classified seismic facies scheme, since depositional systems and types of seismic facies differ in each stratigraphic succession. Depositional sequences of sedimentary environments were identified from well logs and available 2D seismic sections and sequence stratigraphic frameworks were constructed for the Ordovician and Devonian formations. Based on the facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy interpretations, two different order sequences in the Ordovician to Devonian succession have been found and identified: The major sequences are possibly 2nd-order sequences in time duration. They are clearly traceable on all seismic sections. May be minor sequences are possibly 3rd-order sequences, and they are not traceable on all seismic sections clearly, but are recognized on well logs or outcrop sections. Eventually, all obtained information and that results were plotted on the different maps for each examined section to construct a depositional model and to estimate the maximum distributions of each formation separately on the basis of depositional system interpretations.

Keywords: Murzuq Basin, Al Gargaf siliciclastic group, Ordovician to Devonian succession, depositional system and seismic facies