For Arabic letters recognition, we achieve three of pattern recognition approaches namely gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), local binary pattern recognition (LBP) and artificial neural network (ANN) and compare between them to result best performance. Two of these methods level co-occurrence matrix and local binary pattern recognition are used for feature extraction whereas in artificial neural network (ANN) we use the intensity values of pixels for input of the neural network. Two classifiers are used, the K-Nearest Neighbor classifier (KNN) for the LBP, GLCM and neural network classifier for (ANN) artificial neural network. Also, we evaluate the results by using leave one person out approach, fold classification and leave one out.

ABSTRACT

In the 21st century, climate change is considered one of the greatest environmental threats to the world, and it has greater negative impacts on human society and the natural environment. All the IPCC's reports concluded that we should prepare scenarios and strategies for under the conditions of forthcoming global change. This study presents the projections of future changes under HadCM3 A2a and HadCM3 B2a SRES scenarios using the statistical downscaling model (SDSM) in the period (2020-2099) and their link to the planning of sustainable development in Libya. Results of downscaling show that the SDSM model can be well acceptable regard its performance. The result of the SDSM model showed great reliability of SDSM in ascertaining changes for the periods; (2020-2039), (2040-2059), (2060-2079) and (2080-2099), relative to 1961–1990. Trend analysis in Libya showed an increase in average annual and monthly temperature, compared to the baseline period for both HadCM3A2a and HadCM3B2a scenarios in both the dry and wet seasons. Thus, there is likely to be a significant warming in local surface temperature, which is enough for a significant change on the energy balance and is likely to affect water availability. The SDSM is well to help decision-makers understand the expectations of the change in extreme temperatures in the future and its environmental and economic impacts and social in Libya.

Keywords: Statistical downscaling model, SDSM, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC, General circulation model, GCM, HadCM3 Hadley Climate Model version, Temperature, Libya.

Jamal Abdul-Nasser is a major trunk road that divides Sebha city into two semi-equal parts. It connects almost all districts with different activities and services in the center of the city. Alongside Jamal Abdul-Nasser Street, exist various types of activities: administrative, educational, commercial, public services and some other activities. Due to its importance, the street carries out the densest traffic movement within the city. This paper tries to study and analyze traffic movement at five intersections on Jamal Abdul-Nasser Street: (1) Al-Nahdha; (2) Khaled IbnAl-Walid; (3) Al-Khotoot; (4) Al-Tijari Bank; (5) Al-Zeraie Bank. Selection of the pre-mentioned intersections referred to their importance as converging points to various important activities and land uses. Data required for the study purposes include intersection characteristics, traffic flow characteristics and traffic composition pattern. The results reveal the significance of taking care of the geometric and regulatory aspects that enable the intersections to perform well with regard the smoothness of traffic flow.

A strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis has become a key tool used

by businesses for strategic planning. Scholars have conducted SWOT research for over six

decades. However, a collective understanding of SWOT analysis remains vague. This study

accessed, analyzed, and synthesized the SWOT literature, allowing for new theoretical

perspectives and frameworks to emerge. Using an integrative literature review, this study reviewed

SWOT studies historically, providing a greater understanding of the SWOT analysis in different

sectors and the different approaches used in SWOT studies. Furthermore, it fills the knowledge

gap in the strategic planning context and indicates meaningful implications for managers that could

help improve their strategic decisions.

Detailed sedimentological analysis of depositional facies through lithostratigraphic correlation was conducted for the upper

Lower Devonian through the upper Middle Devonian Snake Cave Interval strata of the southeast Darling Basin. The methodology

used includes identifying changes in rock types from sedimentary lithotypes within different facies associations from well

data, wireline-log patterns and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. This has helped to define a lithostratigraphic correlation for

the Snake Cave Interval section. This study has re-interpreted the upper and lower boundaries of the Snake Cave Interval using

marked changes in gamma-ray log features and core and cutting lithology logs to estimate the depth of these boundaries from

three wells. The Snake Cave Interval consists of ten lithotypes that define three facies associations (FAs) in the three available

wells. These were deposited within three main facies associations: meandering fluvial facies association A (MFFA-A), braided

fluvial facies association B (BFFA-B) and fluvio-shallow lacustrine complex facies association C (FSLCFA-C). The paper

includes a broad description of the significance of lithostratigraphic facies related to depositional environments of the upper

Lower Devonian through the upper middle Devonian succession section.

Isothermal transformation characteristics of a medium carbon Ti-V microalloyed steel were

investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy

dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and by uniaxial compressive testing. Samples austenitized on 1100 C

were isothermally treated in the range from 350 to 600 C and subsequently water quenched. The

final microstructure of the samples held at 350 C consisted of bainitic sheaves and had compressive

yield strength, approximately from 1000 MPa, which is attributed to high dislocation density of

low bainite. At 400 and 450 C, acicular ferrite became prevalent in the microstructure. It was also

formed by a displacive mechanism, but the dislocation density was lower, leading to a decrease of

compressive yield strength to approximately 700 MPa. The microstructure after the heat treatment at

500 C consisted of coarse non-polygonal ferrite grains separated by pearlite colonies, principally

dislocation free grains, so that the compressive YS reached a minimum value of about 700 MPa. The

microstructure of the samples heat-treated at 550 and 600 C consisted of pearlite and both grain

boundary and intragranular ferrite, alongside with some martensite. After 600 s, austenite became

stable and transformed to martensite after water quenching. Therefore, the presence of martensite

increased the compressive YS to approx. 800 MPa.