Religious self‑conscious emotions, especially guilt and shame, shape psychological well-being, yet their specific roles in distress and resilience remain underexplored in Arab Muslim contexts. This study examines the relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, religious guilt and shame, resilience, and psychological distress among Libyan Arabs using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), network analysis, and mediation modeling. Participants were 215 Libyan adults (72.1% female, aged 18–54) recruited via social media. Measures included the Muslim Religiosity Scale (MRS), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale–8 (DASS-8), and items assessing religious guilt and shame. CFA supported a two-factor structure distinguishing guilt and shame (CFI = .95, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .04). Correlation analyses revealed that both religious guilt (r = .31) and religious shame (r = .34) were strongly associated with intrinsic religiosity. Extrinsic religiosity correlated positively with resilience total score (r = .16) and negatively with depression (r = −.25) and stress (r = −.13). Intrinsic religiosity was higher among males (r = .19). Network analysis identified religious guilt as more central than shame, with “I feel guilty if I miss prayers” a key node. Mediation analysis indicated that depression mediated the association between resilience and religiosity dimensions, with nonsignificant direct effects. Network analysis suggested resilience played a limited bridging role between religiosity and distress. Findings highlight religious guilt’s stronger influence on distress compared to shame and suggest that psychological distress shapes religious engagement more than resilience does. Culturally sensitive interventions should address the mental health impact of religious guilt, and future research should explore protective factors in Arab Muslim populations.

This study examined the indirect effect of student engagement (behavioral, emotional, and cognitive) in the relationship between mindfulness and flourishing among university students. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, with data collected from 618 students (Mage = 24.3, SD = 4.97) across various academic disciplines. Student engagement was measured using the Arabic version of the University Student Engagement Inventory (A-USEI). Mindfulness was assessed using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale – Arabic Version (MAAS), and flourishing was evaluated using the Arabic version of the Flourishing Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to test direct and indirect effects. Results indicated that mindfulness significantly predicted behavioral engagement (β = 0.17, p < 0.001), emotional engagement (β = 0.19, p < 0.001), and cognitive engagement (β = 0.08, p < 0.001). In turn, emotional engagement (β = 0.33, p < 0.001), behavioral engagement (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), and cognitive engagement (β = .63, p < 0.001) significantly predicted flourishing. The direct effect of mindfulness on flourishing was non-significant (β = –0.002, p = 0.94). However, significant indirect effects emerged through emotional (β = 0.08), behavioral (β = 0.05), and cognitive engagement (β = 0.06), confirming engagement as a key mediating mechanism. These findings highlight the importance of fostering student engagement to translate mindfulness into enhanced well-being. The study contributes to mindfulness research by validating this mediational model within an Arab higher education context.

Gas flaring is a major source of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in oil-producing countries and remains an acute environmental challenge in Libya. The country’s instability has repeatedly disrupted oil and gas operations, leading to highly volatile flaring behavior and complicating long-term mitigation efforts. This study applies time-series forecasting to model and project per-capita CO2 emissions from gas flaring in Libya using two forecasting frameworks: Exponential Smoothing with additive trend (ETS) and an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, based on annual data from 1967 to 2024. Comparative model evaluation shows that ARIMA outperforms ETS, achieving a root mean squared error of 0.373 and a mean absolute error of 0.327, compared to 0.406 and 0.367 for ETS. Baseline ARIMA forecasts project emissions of 1.27tCO2 capita −1 by 2030, remaining well above the near-zero flaring threshold of approximately approximately 0.05tCO2 capita −1. Scenario analysis shows that attaining this target would require an average annual reduction of approximately 44% starting from 2024, far exceeding historical reduction rates observed during 1967-2024. These results indicate that, under current trends, Libya is unlikely to achieve zero routine flaring by 2030 without substantial structural, infrastructural, and regulatory intervention.

The reliable operation of power plants is essential for the continuity of modern societies. The South Tripoli Power Plant in Libya plays a crucial role within the national power grid. However, it faces significant challenges, including frequent operational failures, aging infrastructure, and ineffective maintenance practices, all of which compromise its reliability and escalate operational costs. This research is motivated by the urgent need to improve maintenance strategies in accordance with documented failure patterns, thereby establishing a comprehensive framework for effective maintenance planning. To address these challenges, a maintenance optimization framework has been developed that integrates Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) with Fuzzy Logic techniques to enhance decision making processes regarding maintenance. Furthermore, a fuzzy FMECA framework has been designed to categorize maintenance strategies, thereby facilitating data driven maintenance planning. The contributions of this research are aimed at improving plant reliability, reducing the incidence of unplanned outages, and ensuring the sustainable performance of energy infrastructure.

This study presents a taxonomic note on Fagonia isotricha Murb.

(Zygophyllaceae), a species recorded in Libya and currently treated as a taxonomic

synonym of Zygophyllum mayanum. Global taxonomic databases, such as those

curated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and World Flora Online, recognize this

taxon as part of the Libyan flora under its currently accepted nomenclature.

This study provides field-based and morphological documentation of populations

observed in the Ariggiba region (southern Libya), and discusses their taxonomic

placement within the Fagonia–Zygophyllum complex. Herbarium specimens were

collected, examined, and deposited, supporting the occurrence of this taxon in the

Libyan flora