Abstract

This paper investigates the relationship between economic corruption and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Libya. Utilizing time-series data from 1990 to 2019 and employing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the paper assesses the impact of economic corruption, measured by the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) index, on the Sustainable Development Index (SDI). The findings reveal a significant negative correlation between economic corruption and sustainable development. The paper further examines the roles of economic growth, human capital, inflation, and unemployment as key determinants influencing sustainable development outcomes. The results emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies to combat corruption, promote good governance, and foster inclusive economic development to accelerate progress toward the SDGs in Libya.

Abstract

A hallmark of malignancy is the ability of a tumor to disseminate and metastasize, a process that requires specific cellular adaptations. The American Joint Committee on Cancer developed the TNM staging system to classify malignancies and guide treatment strategies, reflecting the biological behavior and clinical outcomes of cancers. Despite its usefulness, ongoing efforts aim to identify additional diagnostic and prognostic parameters to improve accuracy and treatment outcomes. One such parameter is tumor budding, a distinctive morphological feature observed in epithelial cancers. tumor budding is characterized by single tumor cells or small clusters of up to four cells that detach from the invasive front and invade the surrounding stroma. First described in colorectal cancer, tumor budding has since been widely investigated and recognized as a predictor of adverse outcomes, including lymph node invasion, local and distant metastasis, lymph vascular invasion, and poor survival rates across multiple cancer types. Independent of pathological stage, tumor budding correlates with aggressive tumor behavior, highlighting its prognostic significance. In urothelial cancers, tumor budding has been linked to stage progression, distant metastasis, and survival outcomes, particularly in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This review examines the mechanisms underlying tumor budding, its clinical significance across various tumor types, and its prognostic implications in epithelial cancers. Understanding these factors could provide valuable insights into integrating tumor budding into routine pathological assessments and improving cancer management strategies

Abstract

This study aimed to assess bariatric obesity surgery as an alternative to anti-obesity strategies. Forty-five bariatric patients were consecutively selected for participation. Information on each patient's demographics, weight, height, and comorbidities was gathered, followed by the use of the Bariatric Quality of Life Questionnaire. 60% of patients reported feeling exhausted prior to the procedure; however, this percentage dramatically decreased to only 33.33% after bariatric surgery. Furthermore, before surgery, 66% of patients had a history of sleep apnea and breathing cessation during sleep, and 46% of patients had a history of snoring. Following the bariatric procedure, these problems were fixed. The psychiatric assessment section indicated that 53.33% of patients experienced depression following gastric surgery. Additionally, 46.66% of patients reported persistent feelings of anger and anxiety. Post-operative concerns included fears of gastric leaks, loss of happiness, diminished passion, remorse after surgery, sleep disorders, and suicidal thoughts, each occurring at varying rates. Only 33.33% of participants had received psychological support. Patients frequently report significant improvements in their health and quality of life after bariatric surgery, which is the most long-lasting and successful treatment option for morbid obesity. However, a significant minority of patients experience psychological complications, including, but not limited to post post-gastric surgery depression, patients always feel angry and have anxiety.

Abstract: The exact solution of a nonlinear fractional Volterra-Fredholm integro-differential equation is found in this paper through the successful application of the Abaoub Shkheam decomposition method. These techniques have a wider range of applications due to their dependability and decreased computational effort.