The global pandemic Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Many patients with life-threatening illness due to COVID-19 die from hypoxic respiratory failure, which appears to be related to a cytokine storm syndrome leading to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). While steroids have some demonstrated benefits, supportive care remains the mainstay of treatment. However, in the absence of vaccines and proven treatments, during this current pandemic, we are considering repurposing currently available medications; one of the first is cotrimoxazole (CTX), which was one of the earliest medications for treating and preventing opportunistic infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among other things. Cotrimoxazole in combination with folic acid is inexpensive, familiar to the public, and generally well tolerated, and treats secondary infections. Low cost and a good safety profile can make it an ideal candidate for the treatment of COVID-19 in a low-resource country like Libya. Here we report our observations with cotrimoxazole added to standard therapy in patients with severe COVID-19. Prospective data were gathered from consecutive newly diagnosed patients who presented to the Msallatah Isolation Center (Corona Center), Msallatah, Libya, between June and September of 2021 with critical COVID-19 on non-invasive ventilation and receiving standard therapy (ST) along with 480 mg oral cotrimoxazole (CTX). The first four days served as a control period during which patients with critical COVID-19 received only standard treatment. After a 4-day control period during which the patients received ST alone, nine patients (mean age ± SEM 40.5 ± 10.5 years, 66.66 percent male) were identified because they received CTX in addition to ST. We found that patients with critical COVID-19 who received CTX in addition to ST experienced significantly better outcomes, such as lower in-hospital mortality (0%), higher blood levels of D-Dimer (3735±579.9 mg/L versus 444.82±182.14 mg/L, p˂0.05), and improvements in respiratory rate (36.42±3.9 mg/L versus 25.6±2.9 mg/L, p˂0.05) and CRP at the fourth day of the experiment (142.12±34.7 mg/L versus 72.4±19.26 mg/L, p˂0.05). These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of using cotrimoxazole in patients with severe COVID-19; it could help to reduce the need for respiratory support for thousands of patients, saving valuable lives and decreasing the burden on the healthcare system in countries with limited resources. The mechanism of action of cotrimoxazole in this situation is not clear; however, these outcomes may be due to the antibiotic activity and/or the anti-cytokine effects of cotrimoxazole. Further trials are needed to test our observations.

Thin films deposited on glass surfaces can be produced by various

methods, including physical methods (thermal evaporation in

vacuum, sputtering, etc.) and chemical methods (chemical

deposition, chemical vapor deposition, thermal chemical analysis,

etc.). In this paper, thin films were deposited on glass slides using

the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)

technique at pressures (10,30 and 50 mTorr) for varying durations

of (5,10 and 15 minutes). In addition, the results indicates that

increasing the deposition time significantly influenced the film

thickness while the adhesion does not directly depend on time.

Asphalt roads are one of the most important elements of infrastructure in any country, as they play a vital role in achieving comprehensive development and economic growth. They provide safe and reliable means of transportation for citizens and companies, which develops trade, contributes to the development of industry, and expands the investment base. In addition, asphalt roads contribute to enhancing tourism and developing the infrastructure of cities and rural areas. Therefore, it is necessary to invest heavily in the construction and maintenance of asphalt roads to ensure economic growth and social stability. The Superpave system is an important development in the field of paving, as it contributes to improving the design of hot asphalt mixes and evaluating the performance of paving facilities. This system relies on precise standards to evaluate the quality of asphalt mixes, which leads to improving the durability of the pavement and its efficiency in withstanding different traffic loads. This system is also the result of field and laboratory research and studies included in the Strategic Highway Research Program in the United States of America. Due to the importance of this system, we present this study to examine previous studies on the classification of asphalt binders in the high-performance asphalt paving system (Superpave) and to identify the significance of classifying the binder in this system.

A recent years. They have evolved into analysis of tumor Abstract— Multiplexed platforms have become a standard feature of modern medicine in the field of histopathology in recent years. They have evolved into powerful technologies that enable image analysis of tumor tissues from formalin- fixed paraffin- embedded specimens, aiming for better assessment of morphology and distinctive alterations at the molecular level of the patient’s sample, which is critical for the pathologist’s diagnosis and classification, with significant implications for the following therapeutic options. And also, in order to gain a better understanding of the tumor microenvironment, which aids cancer prevention by simulating new therapy discoveries. And unlike traditional IHC, which can only identify one marker in a tissue sample, multiplex IHC may detect many markers in a single tissue sample while providing detailed information about the cell composition and spatial arrangement. Reviewing multiplexed technologies is to demonstrate their utility in the study of cancer tissue as well as their benefits for applications in cancer diagnosis, stratifying patients, and accuracy for treatment. Summary: Digital pathology plays a significant part in current clinical practice and becoming an increasingly critical technological necessity in the laboratory environment, Algorithms for image analysis and artificial intelligence have the potential to further increase the quality of diagnostics in pathology. Keywords— Digital pathology; Molecular diagnostics; IHC & MIHC Techniques; cancers. 

Abstract

Gall bladder cancers, predominantly adenocarcinomas, are associated with significant malignancy and are more common in women, especially in their seventh decade of life. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, distribution, and histopathological characteristics of gall bladder tumors, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis and understanding the role of chronic cholecystitis in tumor development. A retrospective analysis was performed on 45740 surgical biopsies, including 3107 cholecystectomies, from 1994 to 2007 at Misurata Medical Center, Libya. Data collected included patient demographics, clinical details, and microscopic diagnoses. Biopsy samples were processed and stained, and histopathological evaluation was performed following standard criteria. The study showed a female predominance in gall bladder tumors with a female: male ratio of 3:1. Most tumors were adenocarcinomas (83.33%), with high and moderate differentiation being the most frequent. Tumor diagnoses were most prevalent in the 51-65 age group. The majority of tumors were diagnosed at advanced stages (3 and 4). Tumor invasion was common, with 75% showing perivascular, intravascular, or perineural involvement. Chronic cholecystitis was observed in more than two-thirds of the tumor cases. Chronic inflammation is closely linked to gallbladder carcinogenesis, with most tumors diagnosed at advanced stages due to vague symptoms and aggressive behavior. Early detection and multidisciplinary approaches are vital to improve outcomes, especially in high-risk groups.

Abstract

Microscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal biopsies remains a challenge in surgical pathology, involving both neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes. This study aims to analyze the prevalence, histopathological features, and grading of gastrointestinal (GIT) tumors in biopsies collected over 12.5 years at Misurata Medical Center, Libya, while assessing demographic patterns and the correlation of Helicobacter pylori infection with gastric malignancies. A total of 753 GIT biopsies were retrospectively analyzed from 1995 to 2007. Clinical data, including age, sex, and microscopic diagnoses, were documented. Biopsies underwent histopathological evaluation using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software to explore relationships between neoplastic lesions and demographic factors. Non-neoplastic diseases accounted for 559 cases, which constitute 74.24% of the total cases, while neoplastic lesions were identified in 194 cases (25.76%). with a statistically significant predominance of malignant tumors (68.6%) over benign ones (31.4%, p<0.001). A slight male predominance was observed in overall biopsies (52.2%), with the 61-70 age group showing the highest frequency (17.4%). Well-differentiated tumors were more common, correlating with better prognoses. The TNM staging analysis revealed a concerning trend toward late-stage diagnoses, particularly in stomach and colorectal cancers. The investigation into Helicobacter pylori positivity indicated a complex relationship with gastric malignancies, warranting further research. The findings reflect a high burden of GIT malignancies during the study period, with late-stage diagnosis and limited diagnostic resources. These results underscore the need for improved screening programs, early detection efforts, and enhanced diagnostic infrastructure in Libya. The study underscores the importance of understanding the multifactorial influences of Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer development.

This study aimed to assess surface contamination levels of children’s playground equipment in two public parks in AL-Zawiya City, Libya (Jdayem Park and AL-Zawiya Park), using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence monitoring. The equipment surveyed included plastic slides, metal slides, iron swings, plastic swings, and rope swings. A total of 24 samples were collected from these surfaces using standardized ATP swabs, and results were classified based on established RLU thresholds (<100 RLU: clean, 100–300 RLU: marginally contaminated, >300 RLU: contaminated). The results revealed significant variability across equipment and surface types. The highest contamination level was observed on the iron swing at Jdayem Park (21–416 RLU), while the lowest levels were recorded on rope swings in AL-Zawiya Park (11–25 RLU). Plastic surfaces and rope swings generally exhibited lower contamination compared to metal surfaces, suggesting that surface material and design, combined with usage frequency, play a pivotal role in contamination accumulation. These findings align with previous studies that highlight the role of surface characteristics and environmental exposure in influencing microbial load. The results underscore the urgent need for targeted cleaning, disinfection, and regular quality

.monitoring of public playground equipment to maintain a safe, hygienic, and child-friendly recreational environment